Cheerleading Is a Sport Essay

Cheerleading began as a male undertaking in 1898, when a University of Minnesota football fan drove the group in stanza on the side of their group. It was not until World War II, when men transported out to war, that ladies dominated. At that point team promoters came to speak to the American perfect of womanliness: healthy crusty fruit-filled treat with washboard stomachs, immaculate teeth, and impeccable appearances. Generalizations give them a role as fair, dainty, and unimaginably energetic. â€Å"From its modest start cheerleading has bloomed into a serious athletic action with a genuine picture problem† (Forman 52). Be that as it may, today’s post-women's activist youth have put another, different face on cheerleading. Cheerleading in America is not, at this point a matter of waving pom-poms, a charming grin and being excessively energetic. Calling themselves competitors, not gorgeous sight, team promoters are pushing more earnestly for acknowledgment as members in an official game. Today, cheerleading includes abilities which require the quality of football, the finesse of move, and the dexterity of acrobatic. Complex moves are performed which challenge the restrictions of the body. Security associations, for example, the American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators were shaped to create wellbeing rules to manage programs in the protected exhibition of cheerleading aerobatic, which incorporate hops, accomplice tricks, pyramids and tumbling. With the dangers included today, cheerleading ought to get statewide acknowledgment as a game. Restriction to making cheerleading a game, ceaselessly state, team promoters are not competitors. Affirmation of this lies in the position paper of Women’s Sports Foundation, â€Å"any physical action in which relative execution can be judged or measured can be formed into a serious game up to (1) the physical action incorporates the above characterized components and (2) the basic role is rivalry versus different groups or people inside an opposition structure equivalent to other athletics’ activities†¦Cheerleading in its present configuration, doesn't meet the subsequent models recorded previously. The main role isn't rivalry, however that of raising school solidarity through driving the group at athletic capacities. † (Forman 51) Yet, as sports like football, ball, and wrestling become increasingly famous, so does the team promoters. Nay-Sayers of the development are substance to have team promoters simply be the â€Å"back-up dancers†. Not understanding that team promoters are similarly as significant as the games groups they cheer for. Challengers state team promoters don't have a similar time duties as different games groups. While they additionally don't perceive the physical strain put on team promoters bodies and the expanded hazard for wounds. The since a long time ago held perspective on cheerleading as just another school action is additionally a worry. On the off chance that the physicality of cheerleading isn't perceived, the management will keep on tumbling to educators that are not able to satisfactorily administer. Also, existing consultants won't get the preparation important to give satisfactory oversight of an undeniably athletic action. Cheerleading has all the components of a game: rivalry, practice abilities, cooperation, and preparing. It likewise has an all year duty. â€Å"An significant development in the realm of cheerleading is the battle to genuine the movement according to the general population, said Laura Grindstaff, partner teacher of human science and social examinations at the University of California-Davis†(Coman â€Å"Cheerleading is presently risker†). Team promoters are battling to pick up the acknowledgment and regard they merit for their game. Albeit a few universities offer cheerleading grants, team promoters despite everything face segregation in secondary school and school sports. It is disturbing considering all the new dangers included that it presently can't seem to be ordered in all states as a game. Twenty six state athletic associations have esteemed cheerleading ought to be perceived as a game, however shouldn't something be said about the other twenty five? â€Å"Cheerleading was prohibited as a game when Title IX was passed, which restricts sex segregation in instructive establishments that get government funding† (Rondon 98). Title IX should be enactment that ordered that young men and young ladies get equivalent donning openings. In any case, even confirmation just necessitates that mentors finish an online assessment; there’s no prerequisite for preparing in vaulting or spotting strategies. † (Ebersole â€Å"Thrills and Spills†). Also, just around twelve states control cheer as per the principles set by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). For secondary school football, then again, all states follow the NFHS rulebook with the exception of Texas, which utilizes the NCAA school level guidelines. â€Å"Soccer, hockey, ball, and vaulting can't contend with regards to genuine back issues, cracks and, in grave cases paralysis†(Forman 51). Cheerleading isn't viewed as a game, so none of the shields that different games have created applies†(Forman 52). In the two states where cheerleading is named a game, team promoters are dependent upon indistinguishable guidelines from competitors, in regards to practice and travel limitations, security, camps, and in structing accreditation. Team promoters need the assurance of legitimate preparing room, appropriate clinical consideration, and appropriate checks and screenings for members. In the event that appropriately perceived groups would be given better preparing offices, mentors would be appropriately prepared, wounds would diminish and financing for the projects would increment. With each part of cheerleading turning out to be progressively troublesome cheerleading merits the state-wide acknowledgment as a game similarly as some other physical donning movement. In the expressions of Kane of the Tucker Center, â€Å"when the way of life begins remunerating cheerleading similarly in which it rewards ladies and men sports with monetary equality and grants, not just controlled to the sidelines, at that point I think we’re onto something† (Rondon 99). Not, at this point substance to simply root for the sidelines, team promoters are currently requesting the regard they so legitimately merit.

The Acquisition And Integration Of Zanussi

The obtaining of various organizations consistently demonstrates a change for both the securing and the gained association and the individuals inside. To effectively consolidate and coordinate Elektrolux and Zanussi it is basic to consider both organisationsâ' formal and casual structures which are intensely affected by their way of life. Culture creates from one viewpoint across the nation yet in addition explicitly in an association. Working up trust is essential to build up a working casual system, which bolsters the conventional structure. In this manner constructive impact is assumed the chose conduct of individuals inside what Breton and Wintrobe call â€Å"bureaucracies†. This conduct is typically serious, particularly in such seasons of significant change. This change ought to be overseen bit by bit and is portrayed by Quinn as coherent incrementalism. It constructs â€Å"the seeds of getting, character, and duty into the very processes† (Quinn, p145) and is the fundamental methodology which makes incorporation fruitful. After Elektrolux declared the procurement of Zanussi, the two associations and individuals inside were gone up against with numerous progressions which made pressures or loners that called for new visions.(Normann in Quinn, p99) As an initial step, strategic and core values of Zanussi were made open to the workers in the Mission Statement.(Exhibit 3 in Case Study, p914) From the base up they ought to comprehend bit by bit in a learning procedure (Normann in Quinn, p99) what conduct was commonly expected and right. Bennis and others (in Quinn, p101) likewise concur that â€Å"programs to accomplish noteworthy change must be staged and to a great extent embraced base up, however the authenticity of options must be confirmed by the help of key individuals at the top.† Besides the new Mission Statement, instruction and preparing programs were attempted to diffuse the new way of thinking and approach. Along these lines the principles for working up a compelling system are made noticeable. This system underpins the conventional structure. Breton and Wintrobe additionally accept that â€Å"relationships among bosses and subordinates in agencies are for the most part represented by trade and exchange and not by the providing of requests and directives.† Trade can just happen, if property rights are existing and are bolstered by â€Å"trust† (Breton and Wintrobe, p4) Trust is fundamental for the working of systems and must be developed steadily. One viable method of working up trust is by making â€Å"symbolic moves† (q,111). What's more, the â€Å"most significant changes are frequently those which signal an adjustment in disposition at the highest point of an organisation.† (Riccardo and Cafiero in Quinn, p112). Elektrolux utilized these emblematic moves. One was that Elektrolux assumed control more than a few earlier duties of Zanussi, despite the fact that they were considered as disadvantageous for the joint methodology (Case, p900). Directly subsequent to consenting to the last arrangement, the total Zanussi top-administration was discharged. Supplanting just a single ranking director beneath the top-administration, Elektroluxâ's motivation was to give an away from of the need to change working practices. To impart these changes, Mr. Rossignolo was viewed as the ideal change operator, since he is Italian and realizes the Swedish association culture. Be that as it may, he likewise needed to develop trust with the Italians, who thought of him as closer to Sweden than Italy. In react to this mentality, an outside advisor was acquired. As Mr. Estes says, â€Å"you donâ't attempt to smash your decisions down people†s throats. You attempt to convince individuals what must be done and give certainty and authority to them.†(Quinn, p136) By this Mr. Rossignolo set a sign that he wouldn't like to take one party†s side, yet that he is nonpartisan and accordingly he expanded the Italianâ's trust in his individual. As indicated by the statement of purpose, Elektrolux focal worth is â€Å"transparency†, or receptiveness. To incorporate this in Zanussiâ's way of life was one of the significant undertakings the Swedish needed to accomplish. Clashes were a piece of the Italian†s day by day life. Status and steadfastness to people were viewed as more significant than ability or responsibility to the organization. They were additionally not persuaded of requirement for change and thought budgetary issues were because of previous proprietors botches. The Italians dreaded loosing their capacity not exclusively to another organization, however far and away more terrible to one from a remote culture. Because of this mentality, Hans Werthen set a sign to the Italians when he said:† We are not accepting organizations so as to shut them down, yet to transform them into productive ventures†¦ and we are not Vikings, who were Norwegians, anyway.† (Case, p901) Impressively, he exhibited that receptiveness is a handy piece of the new culture. With a similar receptiveness, Elektrolux picked up the trust of the significant Unions, who have a high impact in the Italian association culture. Without the endorsement of the Unions, it would have been hard to take over Zanussi. Transparency is a general Elektrolux disposition, yet as Quinn portrays, there are â€Å"sound political or instructive explanations behind not declaring a system in its full immaculate brilliance at this early stage.† Although not extremely heavenly for the laborers, it tends to be accepted that Elektrolux knew very well that they would need to make redundancies, in light of the fact that no procurement can be made without. However, as â€Å"effective change directors [they] recognise[d] the effect their gradual choices and activity designs have on validity [†¦] and attempted to remember the emblematic ramifications every individual demonstration had.† (Quinn, p118) Elektrolux tackled the focal issue of redundancies steadily. Their arrangement was to pick up the trust of the Unions by vowing not to make any redundancies to effectively get Zanussi without restriction of the Unions. Having one foot in the entryway, they could begin making redundancies bit by bit. They considered that their believability would endure contrarily relative to declared redundancies. Despite the fact that this technique was joined by certain strikes and overwhelming re-dealings, they despite everything had arrived at their objective, which was to secure Zanussi. Despite the fact that the issues with the Unions had negative effect on Elektrolux notoriety, by and large it very well may be said that they viably imparted their receptiveness and thusly picked up trust by the associations and the Italians. In this way, developing trust is fundamental when incorporating the two organizations. Breton and Wintrobe recommend that â€Å"selective behaviour† (p6) is close to confide in a second issue in hierarchical organization. The subordinates browsed a scope of conduct which comes to from consistently wasteful to consistently effective. Subsequently, particular conduct is the result of an exchanging procedure, where the result is controlled by the cost offered by bosses for productive casual administrations. As model for this serve the forefront chiefs and expert workers of Zanussi, which completely affirmed the adjustment in the association and requested a higher level of inclusion. They were compensated with a unique preparing program. Building groups and teams, decidedly impacted the chose conduct of the individuals inside the new association in a few different ways and assisted with incorporating the two societies. As one CEO (in Quinn, p139) stated: â€Å"If great individuals share similar qualities, they will intuitively act together. We should realize how individuals will react naturally when they are a huge number of miles away. [†¦] If we [†¦] convey transparently, our activities will be reasonable and cohesive.† As Leif Johannsson portrays, they â€Å"were ready to embrace a totally better approach for speculation [†¦] which rose up out of the conversations and suggestions of the teams [†¦]† (Case, p908) The Italians invited the â€Å"exchanges, and have taken in a great deal from them.† (Case, p911) Furthermore, as the change specialist Rossignolo stated: â€Å"We embraced the Swedish work ethic.† (Case, p 907). â€Å"The choice of key individuals was plainly the most significant single ingredient[†¦]† (Quinn, p138) and moreover, â€Å"the power cooperations among key players is significant. Every player has an alternate degree of formal position, referent force, data control and individual credibility.† Quinn depicts the procedure of â€Å"partial consensus† (Q132) which is accomplished first inside gatherings and afterward brought into association. In this way and as per the Swedish style, the top administration of Zanussi was supplanted and assembled into groups with the Swedish top administrators. It was imperative to fabricate first at this level a common seeing, later likewise on different levels. With the proper gatherings, the supervisors from the two societies had to discuss deliberately. Later they brought lower level officials into key procedures on a progressively thorough basis.† (Quinn, p140) This was because of the expanding request of the line individuals to get included, and furthermore to make them â€Å"know how we are intending to get where we are going.† (General Motors official in Quinn, p140). Looking increasingly explicit at the system in choosing the key faculty and the circulation of intensity in the association prompts what Breton and Wintrobe call the â€Å"bureaucratic competition† (p8). They depict rivalry inside and among agencies and furthermore for arrange ties as naturally for associations. As model for the idea of rivalry serves the difficult which excite with the center administration. As indicated by the Swedish securing style, the top administration is supplanted, yet the center administration kept. Zanussiâ's obtaining methodology is actually the inverse. Being acquainted with a tyrant style, the Italians needed to receive Elektroluxâ' law based and decentralized dynamic pol

Overcome Body Checking Behaviors

Overcome Body Checking Behaviors Eating Disorders Treatment Print Reduce Body Checking With 2 Easy Steps By Liliana Almeida, M.A Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 20, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 23, 2019 More in Eating Disorders Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Have you ever caught yourself repeatedly checking the parts of your body? This is a practice referred to as body checking and commonly occurs while sitting on a chair, taking a shower, or viewing your reflection in a mirror. Its especially common in people living with eating disorders. There are various forms of body checking you may be engaging in without even realizing it.  Some examples include pinching your abdomen, weighing yourself frequently, zeroing in on specific body parts in the mirror, or trying to feel your bones. Other examples may include asking friends or family members’ opinions about your body or comparing your shape to others. You may sometimes body check hundreds of times in one day, and it can impact how you feel about your shape and weight. Compulsive Body Checking According to Christopher Fairburn, MD, the author of  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-E), an evidence-based treatment manual for adult eating disorders, these compulsive behaviors contribute to over-evaluation of shape and weight, a primary mechanism that maintains  anorexia nervosa,  bulimia nervosa,  binge eating disorder, and other eating disorders in both men and women. Although many people engage in body checking behaviors, research shows it occurs more often in those with eating disorders. Body checking can feel like a compulsion. You may feel that you need to check your body to reassure yourself that you have not gained weight since last eating. It may also feel automatic or like a behavior you cannot control. Body checking may be an attempt to feel better about parts of your body, particularly the parts you wish you could change or minimize. However, instead of providing relief, it provides increased dissatisfaction, greater feelings of loss of control over shape and weight, and increased anxiety and depression. It can also increase the harmful effects of an eating disorder. Helpful Tips to Reduce Body Checking Addressing body checking can decrease shape and weight concerns and facilitate recovery. The opposite is also true: Not address body checking behaviors can negatively impact recovery. In order to interrupt body checking, you must first become aware of the behavior.  The following two steps may be helpful. Keep Track of Your Body Checking     The first step involves spending one day of the week, a full 24 hours, paying close attention to how often you engage in body checking. You may even want to keep written notes. Many people with eating disorders will check so often that they cannot log each time, so do not stress if this is the caseâ€"just be mindful of the frequency. The point of this exercise is to become aware of how often you are actually body checking every day and how its affecting your daily life. Challenge Your Body Checking Once you start to have a better idea of how often and when youre body checking, you can begin to challenge yourself each of these times. This means actively asking yourself questions like: What am I looking for?Is this helpful?Has anything changed since the last time that I body checked? You may find it difficult to answer these questions because there usually isn’t a logical response. But as you continue to challenge your thought patterns and behavior on a regular basis, the frequency with which you are body checking will likely start to decrease. Beware of Body Avoidance Be aware that the goal is not to completely avoid facing your body either. Body avoidance may be equally problematic, as totally avoiding looking at your shape and weight can also negatively influence self-evaluation. Striking a balance between these two extremes (body checking and body avoidance) is ideal. For example, checking your appearance after getting dressed is normal since you want to make sure the clothes you put on fit appropriately. Weighing yourself once per week, but not more frequently than that, can provide a middle ground between overweighing and avoiding weighing yourself altogether. Weighing yourself more frequently than once a week can increase harmful preoccupation, as your weight can fluctuate on a daily basis depending on several factors including levels of hydration, bloating, constipation, etc. Behaviors that are not compulsive and do not occur at high frequencies are not usually problematic. A Word From Verywell While body checking has been shown to be detrimental to eating disorder recovery, simply taking this advice and attempting to work through it on your own may not always be the best approach. If employing these strategies independently is not helping over time, don’t hesitate to seek help from your treatment team or another healthcare professional.

Disobeying Orders - 8735 Words

When we were younger we were always told by our parents to behave and follow the rules in school and to be nice to the other children. At school they had a set of rules that we were meant to follow and abide by them. Here in the Marine Corps is no different there are many rules and regulations that are meant to be followed under the UCMJ Articles. It’s important to keep following the orders you are given and that you follow these rules exactly like you are ordered to do so. In this essay I will be talking about the following: Disobeying an Order, Disrespect, Discipline, Chain of Command, Unauthorized Absence, and Leadership Principles and Leadership Traits. I will try my best’s efforts to explain everything and show what I have learned in†¦show more content†¦The punishments may be very severe if you don’t follow the rules and orders especially during a time of war the worst case scenario is that you may be sentenced to death by court-martial. Bottom lin e is that you shouldn’t even try to break these rules and regulations because it can ruin your career in the Marine Corps and it can also hurt you if you ever decide to leave the Corps. The next Article is Article 91 which will further explain more about disobeying orders. The second Article, Article 91, is Insubordinate Conduct toward Warrant Officer, Noncommissioned Officer, or Petty Officer. This article states: â€Å"Any warrant officer or enlisted member who — strikes or assaults a warrant officer, non-commissioned officer, or petty officer, while that officer is in the execution of his office; willfully disobeys the lawful order of a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer; or treats with contempt or is disrespectful in language or deportment toward a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer while that officer is in the execution of his office; shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.† This Article basically means that anybody no matter what rank you are can’t assault, disrespect, or just disobey any orders coming from a Warrant Officer, Noncommissioned Officer, or Petty Officer while be prosecuted by court-martial and will be punished by what may seem fit. For example a PFC has a problem that aShow MoreRelatedDisrespect of an Nco and Disobeying a Direct Order1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of disrespect of a non commissioned officer and the effects of disobeying a direct order. On 25 of August 2011, I accompanied SGT Williams off post. Although it seems to be nothing at all by that statement. The consequences of that night and the things I should have done are possibly going to cost a good NCO his career, and landed me in this punishment. Before I get in to the actual circumstances of this incident I want to cover my references Article 92 and article 89 of the UCMJ.Read MoreEssay on 3 General Orders1460 Words   |  6 PagesThree General Orders On June 21, 2011 Spc Brown and I were on CQ duty. 1SG, the SDO and the Platoon Sergeants conducted a walkthrough of the unit’s footprint. When they entered I was laid back at the desk watching a movie, on my phone and had my boots on the desk. I did not immediately stand up or yell â€Å"AT EASE† when she entered or exited the building. She also noticed that I wasn’t writing the log down correct and didn’t log Spc Brown out when he left for dinner chow. 1SG asked if I had read theRead MoreWhy You Shouldnt Disobey a Nco1156 Words   |  5 PagesWhy You Shouldn’t Disobey an Order from a NCO I am just a lower enlisted soldier and the NCO is in a leadership position, not me. If I am told to do something by a Non-Commissioned Officer I need to know my place and do as instructed. I had a temporary lapse in judgment. My Non Commissioned Officers know what is best for to progress in my army career which will help me become a better person. Disobeying an NCO could bring direr consequences. I could get someone hurt or killed or destroy militaryRead MoreDisrespect Articles of Ucmj945 Words   |  4 PagesArticle 91—Insubordinate conduct toward warrant officer, NCO, or PO (1) strikes or assaults a warrant officer, non-commissioned officer, or petty officer, while that officer is in the execution of his office; (2) willfully disobeys the lawful order of a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer; or (3) treats with contempt or is disrespectful in language or deportment toward a warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer while that officer is in the executionRead MoreRomeo And Juliet And Ship Breaker Analysis947 Words   |  4 Pagesmain sacrifice the two made was for love. â€Å"Love has no boundaries† is symbolic throughout the book Multiple times . Romeo and Juliet risk their lives to be with each other. They both cross many boundaries put in place by parents or successors, in order to reach each other. They show how pure their love is and how far they will go to be with each other.†How camst thou hither, tell me, and wherefore? The orchard walls are high and hard to climb, And the place death, considering who thou art, If anyRead MoreArticles on Whether to Obey or to not Obey1027 Words   |  4 Pagesturn into an absolute anarchic one, where power would become so distorted that would inevitably be the cause of its own failure. According to the author we must have a clear vision of our leaders in order to consider them â€Å"just† and to ultimately obey to their guidance. We must be â€Å"just† followers in order to recognize a â€Å"just† leader among all of the â€Å"unjust† ones. Obeying to leadership is as important as having a sane population to be lead. 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HoweverRead MoreThororeeau And Civil Disobedience By Mark Twain And Henry Thoreau1032 Words   |  5 Pagesunder certain conditions. Contrary to the anarchistic parts of all our thoughts, willingly disobeying civil law should be deliberately examined and executed moderately. Only under certain conditions, such as when there could be a personal calamity, others that are crucial in your life could be harmed, or the law contains an objection to freedom, whether physical or religious, should you consider disobeying, no matter how extreme Thoreau’s principles are. If yo u are choosing to participate in civil

The Case for a Plant-Based Diet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1425 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/12 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diet Essay Did you like this example? There are countless reasons to stop the raising and slaughter of farmed animals for food, including health, environmental, and humanitarian concerns. My main reasons for not eating meat or dairy products are humanitarian, but in this paper, I will try to make the case for ceasing the raising of farmed animals for the sake of the environment and vulnerable people groups, in our own and in other countries, who raise animals or animal feed to satisfy Americans’ taste for animal flesh. Good! People shrug and say that eating meat is â€Å"natural†, that humans have always done it, and that’s the way it is—and, evidently, that’s the way it should continue to be. Really? Isaac Bashevis Singer said, â€Å"People often say that humans have always eaten animals, as if this is a justification for continuing the practice. According to this logic, we should not try to prevent people from murdering other people, since this has also been done since the earliest of times.† In fact, eating meat the way we now do it is not â€Å"natural† at all. According to Dr. Neil Barnard â€Å"[M]eat-eating probably began by scavenging—eating the leftovers that carnivores had left behind. However, our bodies have never adapted to it.† In talking about humans’ early diet, Barnard explains that we â€Å"had diets very much like other great apes, which is to say a largely plant-based diet †¦. To this day, meat-eaters have a higher incidence of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and other problems.† (The Power of Your Plate) Very good! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Case for a Plant-Based Diet" essay for you Create order Nature is cruel; industrializing that cruelty is wrong. ( 2018 U.S. Animal Kill Clock) â€Å"No other country raises and slaughters its food animals quite as intensively or brutally as we do. Were the walls of our meat industry to become transparent, literally or even figuratively, we would not long continue to raise, kill, and eat animals the way we do. Tail docking and sow crates and beak clipping would disappear overnight, and the days of slaughtering four hundred head of cattle an hour would promptly come to an end — for who could stand the sight?† (Pollan 333) In 2014, in the U.S. alone, nine billion land animals were killed to produce meat, dairy, and eggs for human consumption. One million animals per hour were slaughtered. Globally, 70 billion were killed. The number of aquatic animals slaughtered annually is in the trillions. (https://awfw.org/factory-farms/; https://awfw.org/factory-farms/) No one wants to think about this stuff, let alone see it: â€Å"Perhaps in the back of our minds we already understand that something terribly wrong is happening. Our sustenance now comes from misery. We know that if someone offers to show us a film on how our meat is produced, it will be a horror film. We perhaps know more than we care to admit, keeping it down in the dark places of our memory disavowed. When we eat factory-farmed meat we live, literally, on tortured flesh. Increasingly, that tortured flesh is becoming our own.† (Foer, 2013) Farmed animals are not the only victims of the industrialized animal slaughter in the U.S. There are not enough agents to inspect the conditions inside slaughterhouses, leaving industry to set rules and standards that most benefit them and their â€Å"bottom line†. Those who do the dangerous, stressful, demeaning work of killing tens of thousands of animals for others to consume are left unprotected. â€Å"Perhaps in the back of our minds we already understand, without all the science Ive discussed, that something terribly wrong is happening. Our sustenance now comes from misery. We know that if someone offers to show us a film on how our meat is produced, it will be a horror film. We perhaps know more than we care to admit, keeping it down in the dark places of our memory disavowed. When we eat factory-farmed meat we live, literally, on tortured flesh. Increasingly, that tortured flesh is becoming our own.† Slaughterhouses are operated in remote or rural areas, far from the eyes of urban populations and those who don’t want to know how they get their meat, and slaughterhouse workers come from the most marginalized and vulnerable populations among us. Most are people of color from low-income communities. (https://www.kbia.org/post/largest-slaughterhouses-mostly-rural-communities#stream/0) Once mostly African-American, many are now Latin-American. Thirty-eight percent are foreign-born, often recruited by the corporations for whom they work. Many are undocumented, knowingly hired by employers to meet high turnover rates. (https://southernspaces.org/2013/low-wage-legacies-race-and-golden-chicken-mississippi-where-contemporary-immigration-meets) Many others are convicted felons, often in â€Å"pre-release† programs, unable to find employment elsewhere. And finally, most are â€Å"at-will† employeesunprotected from being fired. Undocumented workers live in fear of ICE raids or deportation by employers. Under these circumstances, few are willing to report abuse or mistreatment on the job. (Slaughterhouse Workers:The Forgotten Victims of the Meat Industry) Animal production for consumption by the developed world hurts the environment in the undeveloped world. Seventy percent of agricultural land and thirty percent of the global land surface devoted to animal production results in adverse effects on all aspects of environmental well-being. Biodiversity loss is extensive, with one-sixth of global species loss. The social cost to local, indigenous populations is extremely high, with widespread loss of local incomes due to the expansion of soybean production in former rain-forested areas in South America. Relentless deforestation to support the meat production industry has resulted in the irretrievable loss of billions of acres of carbon-rich rainforests, and displacement of indigenous ways of living and disruption of long settled property rights has given rise to widespread poverty and social breakdown. Loss of life-sustaining resources includes the deterioration of water due to run-off from the vast amounts of artificial fertilizers and pesticides used to produce animal feed, the sharp rise in greenhouse gases from methane production of animals, and the waste and pollution generated from cattle housed in highly concentrated numbers, and discharges of ammonia and nitrous oxides connected with intensive cattle feeding. (Francis) Meat-eating hurts the most vulnerable, disproportionately people of color. The U.S. alone grows enough feed for livestock to nourish 800 million human beings in the world who currently do not have enough to eat. The world produces enough food to feed everyone. Of 7.3 billion people in the world, 795 million suffer chronic undernourishment in 2016and almost all of them live in developing countries. It does not have to be this way. Meat-eating is a leading cause of climate change, producer of green gases, the reason for excessive water use, waste production, chemical pollution, enormous land use, rainforest deforestation, pollution of oceans, overfishing, and, as previously mentioned, species extinction. Beef-eaters use 160 times more land resources than plant-eaters. Beef requires 88% of all U.S. land allocated to producing animal-based calories. In contrast, sustainable plant-based diets help people, animals, and the planet. The one acre of land needed to produce 250 pounds of beef could grow 50,000 pounds of tomatoes, 53,000 pounds of potatoes, or 30,000 pounds of carrots. The average person who eats a plant-based diet can save 162,486 gallons a year and cut their carbon footprint in half. if every American stopped eating meat, we could redirect enough grain from the livestock system to feed 1.4 billion people. For growing numbers of people, not eating meat is an ethical choice on behalf of fellow creatures who have no choice and no voice—human and nonhuman alike. It is about not supporting an industry that profits from the suffering of billions of animals and harms the earth and millions of humans in the process. In closing, here is a quote my favorite humanitarian, Dr. Albert Schweitzer: â€Å"We must fight against the spirit of unconscious cruelty with which we treat the animals. Animals suffer as much as we do. True humanity does not allow us to impose such sufferings on them. It is our duty to make the whole world recognize it. Until we extend our circle of compassion to all living things, humanity will not find peace.† Great facts and strong quotes—wonderful job!! Works Cited: 2018 U.S. Animal Kill Clock. 2018. Foer, Jonathan Safran. Eating Animals. New York, Boston, London: Little, Brown Company, 2013 Little, Brown Company. Francis, Taylor . The Challenge of Common Pool Resources. Environment Magazine 29 April 2015. https://www.kbia.org/post/largest-slaughterhouses-mostly-rural-communities#stream/0. n.d. https://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/beef-eaters-plant-eaters-land-resources/. n.d. https://awfw.org/factory-farms/. n.d. https://listverse.com/2015/11/25/10-negative-effects-the-meat-industry-has-on-the-world/. n.d. https://southernspaces.org/2013/low-wage-legacies-race-and-golden-chicken-mississippi-where-contemporary-immigration-meets. n.d. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals . New York: The Penguin Press, 2006. Slaughterhouse Workers:The Forgotten Victims of the Meat Industry. 6 December 2017. www.livekindly.co/slaughterhouse-workers-victims-meat-industry/.

Management and Quality Control Free Essays

Chatammour Henderson Marketing Management Seminar 640 February 25, 2012 Asterand Memorandum: â€Å"What is the ultimate goal of Asterand’s quality control initiative? † Asterand clearly did not have an effective quality control system in process prior to accepting its contract with Amgen to supply human tissue samples. Although Asterand is a new supplier to the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical industry, it will need to immediately establish quality control methods that will allow them to process orders correctly and deliver the final product to the standards and requirements of the procuring company. This will demonstrate Asterand’s ability to provide consistent and reliable human-tissue samples that meet the rigorous regulatory standards that the FDA places on all biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Quality Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now As indicated in the case study, Asterand failed to meet Amgen’s quality standards on four occasions with different reasons. Asterand’s quality control challenges did not begin with Amgen. Asterand also faced challenges with implementing standardized protocols for storage and data collection across laboratories and hospitals, organizing and storing samples over long periods, and meeting the stringent regulatory requirements for clinical testing. It is imperative that Asterand addresses these challenges in order to stay in business and to expand the company. Human-tissue sampling is a new and innovative process that can be rejected by its target consumers if it does not have good quality control methods. Asterand’s ultimate goal of the quality control initiative is to be well received in the niche human-tissue sample market so that the company can increase sales growth, secure financing, attract investors and ultimately expand its operations. How to cite Management and Quality Control, Papers

Unemployment in Australia last 5 years Free-Samples for Studetns

Question: Write an Essay on the Topic "Unemployment in Australia last 5 years". Answer: Introduction For this research essay, unemployment is selected as a research topic. Nowadays, unemployment has become a major subject of concern to the world. The situation of unemployment occurs because of the government is powerless to provide job to all the people of a nation. The number of unemployed people is increasing rapidly in most of the nations. The increased unemployment rate influences the economy of the nations in a negative way. Along with this, unemployment rate of a nation plays a major role to evaluate the incidence of unemployment in a proper manner. Moreover, this research essay would be valuable develop a clear understanding and also to improve the knowledge about unemployment. On the other hand, for this research essay the selected country is Australia. This essay would be beneficial to illustrate the unemployment rate, issues, types, government policies, et cetera in the context of Australia. On the whole, this research essay is planned to develop a clear understanding rega rding the concepts of unemployment. Unemployment in Australia The phrase unemployment points towards the people of a nation who are jobless. Such people are also known as job seekers who make all their possible efforts to find appropriate jobs according to their knowledge and skills. Apart from this, unemployment rate represents the percentage of jobless people or the total labor force exists in the economy of a nation. These people do their best to find work in an active manner. Moreover, the unemployment rate of a nation is calculated by dividing the numbers of unemployed people with numbers of available workforce. The circumstances of unemployment occur at what time people are jobless and in search of job (Sloman, Norris and Garrett, 2013). Along with this, at the time of recession, there can be seen an increase in the employment rate of a nation. It is because of it reduces the demand of labor force in the economy of a particular nation. Moreover, business organizations make use of cost-cutting strategies at the time of recession. So, there can be seen an increase in the unemployment rate of a nation. On the other hand, the other fact is that the unemployment rate is fluctuated. It is not constant. It changes according to the market demand and economic situation of a particular nation. The report of ILO (International Labor Organization) designates that, in the year 2012, roughly six percentage of the total labor force of the world was without a job. In addition to this, it is recognized that, the economic condition of Australia is stronger than any other country all around the world. The GDP rate of Australia is increasing continuously. It is a sign of improved economic condition of nation. The improved economic condition plays a major role to reduce the unemployment rate of a particular nation (TRADING ECONOMICS. 2017). Moreover, the below chart is valuable to illustrate the increased GDP rate of Australia: (Source: IECONOMICS. 2017) On the basis of the above graph, a continuous increase can be assumed in the annual GDP rate of Australia. A regular increase in the GDP rate points toward the favorable economic condition of the nation. Moreover, favorable economic condition of nation plays a major role to reduce the unemployment rate of that nation in an effectual and a significant manner (World Bank Group. 2017). In the same manner, there can be seen a decrease in the unemployment rate of the nation in recent years. In other words, it also can be said that, the unemployment rate of Australia has been declined due to the improved economy of the nation. In recent years, the unemployment rate of Australia is lower than the previous years (Janda, 2017). A graph is given below to illustrate the unemployment rate of Australia in an accurate manner: (Source: TRADING ECONOMICS. 2017). On the basis of the above graph, it is clear that, the unemployment rate of Australia was 5.7% in 2016 that is lower than the previous years. In other words, it also can be said that, in 2016, the unemployment rate of Australia has dropped around 5.7 percent; and the current unemployment rate is lower than the past years. The decreased unemployment rate points toward the strongest job growth within the nation. Moreover, according to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), it can be measured an astonish increase in the employment rate of Australia (Australian Government. 2016). On the other hand, according to the report of ABS, the unemployment rate of nation was high in the previous years. There can be seen a regular increase in the unemployment rate of Australia. But, it is decreasing now (ABS. 2017). A table is given below to portray the unemployment rate of nation in an accurate and a proper manner: Year Unemployment Rate 2011 5.0 2012 5.2 2013 5.6 2014 6.0 2015 6.3 2016 5.8 On the basis of the data given in the above table, it can be said that, the unemployment rate of Australia was high in the previous years. The rate was 5.0%, 5.2%, 5.6%, 6.0%, and 6.3% in the year 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively (IndexMundi. 2016). So, there can be seen a regular increase in the unemployment rate of Australia in past years. The increased unemployment rate points towards the unfavorable economic situation of Australia. Moreover, the Australian government is also responsible behind the increased unemployment rate of nation. It is because of the government of nation did not offer jobs to the job seekers or unemployed people within nation. So, they were moving to other nation in search of jobs. As a consequence, the unemployment rate of nation increased quickly and also become a major subject of worry to the government of nation. In view of that, the Australian government decided to provide employment to the unemployment people (ABS. 2017). Consequently, in 2016, there can be seen a decline in the unemployment rate of Australia. The decreased unemployment rate is very good for the economy of nation. The below graph is useful to portray the latest unemployment rate of Australia: (Source: ABC. 2016). Apart from this, it is true that, the unemployment rate of Australia has been reduced in the past years. But, it does not mean that the problem of unemployment has been solved permanently. The below chart is helpful to portray the Australian unemployment percent for the duration 2003-2015. There can be seen a decline in the unemployment percent from period 2003- 2008 (Knox, 2015). Moreover, the unemployment rate of Australia was 4.1% in March 2008. It was the lowest unemployment rate that has never been seen again in this century. (Source: Knox, 2015) In the above graph, it is clear that, the unemployment rate is fluctuated. It has increased after 2008. In 2016, there can be seen a decrease in the Australian unemployment rate. The increased unemployment rate of nation is still a major subject of worry to the nation. In view of that, the Australian government must develop effective plans as well as strategies to generate employment or jobs within nation. These strategies would be able to reduce unemployment rate and also boost the economy of the nation in an effectual and a significant manner (TRADING ECONOMICS. 2017). On the other hand, there are four major types of unemployment. Structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, and seasonal unemployment are the four major types of unemployment that mainly exist in the economy of a nation. The Australian government must understand all these types of unemployment and create jobs or employments accordingly. Structural Unemployment: Structural unemployment is the foremost type of unemployment that may exist in the economy of a nation. This type of unemployment generally occurs when a labor market becomes powerless to provide jobs to all the people who are looking for jobs (Seal and Penrith, 2008). Along with this, structural unemployment takes place because of the differences between the required skills by job provides and skills employees have. Moreover, this type of unemployment focuses on the structural problems and inadequacies that exist in the labor market as well as economy of a nation. Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment is the other type of unemployment. This type of unemployment generally occurs when there is an absence of aggregate demand of labor force in the economy of the nation. In this situation, the government of nation cannot provide jobs to all the people who are looking for jobs (Bagusat, Keenan and Sedmak, 2010). Moreover, in the cyclical unemployment, the number of unemployed people will be more than the number of jobs available in the economy of a nation. Frictional Unemployment: This is another type of unemployment that generally occurs in a nation. When a big difference takes place between the employees and employments than it can be considered a type of frictional unemployment in the economy of a nation. Moreover, these differences can be related with skills, attitudes, work time, payments, location, and other major factors linked to an employment (Castaeda, Serrani and Sperotti, 2012). Along with this, frictional unemployment happens due to dissatisfaction among employees with the jobs that they have done earlier. In this situation, workers make all their possible efforts to search jobs and move from one job to another job to get full satisfaction. Seasonal Unemployment: This type of unemployment takes place due to the seasonal business of business firms. Tourism, construction, and farming are the major examples of seasonal business. In this type of unemployment business firms hire labor force according to their needs and market demands. There are lots of business firm those offer seasonal employment to the people who are looking for jobs. Unemployed people can capture opportunities in such type of employment (Sexton, 2015). As a consequence, it can be said that, the above discussed are the major types of unemployment that normally occur in the economy of a nation. The government must consider such types of unemployment to improve the employment level properly. Major Issues Related to Unemployment It is well-known that, unemployment is a serious issue that exists in the economy of nations. Moreover, the increased unemployment rate creates numerous problems in front of nations. For case, increased unemployment rate generally create social and economic problems that are dangerous for the overall growth of nations. The unemployment rate points toward the low income of people; and low income is a symbol of low utilization of money by the people of nation. Moreover, low consumption rate influence the economy of a nation in a negative manner. It is because of the decreased consumption rate indicates that people are unwilling to buy their desired commodities because of a deficiency of money (Engbersen, Schuyt, Timmer and Waarden, 2006). Along with this, the lower consumption rate also influences the supply and demand sides of the marketplace. The main reason behind it is that, people do not have sufficient funds to purchase all their desired products as well as services. In view of t hat, the increased unemployment rate and decreased consumption rate have negative impact on the economic growth of a nation. In addition to this, the increased unemployment rate of nation influences the government spending in a negative way. The main reason behind it is that, in the situation of high unemployment rate, the government cannot collect taxes and other charges from the public; and therefore the government does not have sufficient funds to spend on social welfare and infrastructure of a nation. Along with this, the increased employment rate has a negative impact on the standard of living of people. It is because of they do not have any source of income to raise their standard of living properly (Helpman, Itskhoki and Redding, 2010). As a consequence, the increased unemployment rate creates financial, social, and economic troubles to the people. These financial, social, and economic troubles are hazardous to the development and growth of nations. On the other hand, there are numerous factors that generally generate the situation of unemployment in the economy of nations. For example, big differences between the required skills and skills of people may create the problem of unemployment. These differences occur because of numerous reasons. For case, geographical differences, technological changes, occupational immobility, cultural differences, structural changes in the economy of nations, etc. can be considered major reasons of inconsistency between required skills and the skills that people have (Sakamoto, 2008). As a consequence, it can assume that, unemployment a serious issue that generates numbers issues such as: financial, social, and economic issues in the economy of nations. These issues have numerous negative impacts on the growth, success and development of economy of nations. The Australian Government Policies to Combat with Unemployment In previous years, the increased unemployment rate had become a major subject of concern for the government of Australia. The Australian government made all its possible efforts to reduce the unemployment rate within nation. As a consequence, there can be seen a decrease in the unemployment rate of Australia in 2016. Along with this, the Australian government is making and implementing different strategies as well as policies to reduce the unemployment rate that exists in the economy of nation (Janda, 2017). In other words, it can be assumed that, the Australian government is playing numerous important roles to condense unemployment rate and enhance employment rate in nation. The Australian government is making all its efforts to provide jobs to jobless people. It is also trying to generate job opportunities; so the job seekers may get jobs according to their skills and education. On the other hand, the Australian government has made significant progress in its economic policies and labor welfare policies in the previous years to reduce unemployment rate in an effectual manner. Moreover, the government built constant and well-tuned macroeconomic policies and also developed an innovative atmosphere of entrepreneurialism within nation. It also developed well-functioning as well as competitive markets to generate job opportunities and to provide jobs to the unemployed people (McEachern, 2012). Along with this, the government made changes in the employment arrangements and employment conditions as well. For case, the government developed flexible employment arrangements as well as conditions to endorse productivity at the workplace. With the help of these flexible arrangements, jobless people become able to get jobs according to their preferences. In this way, it can be assumed that, these more flexible arrangements decreased the unemployment rate within nation. It is because of with the help of these arrangements and conditions, more unemployed people become able to get proper work themselves. In addition to this, it is true that, unemployment is mainly problematic for youngsters. It is because of long term unemployment corrodes self-esteem of people. By considering these facts, the Australian government adopted and implements coalition policy to encourage employment within nation. For case, with the help of this coalition policy, the government will provide a job commitment bonus payment to the people who are unemployed and making efforts to find suitable jobs (Australian Government. 2016). Along with this, with the help of these bonuses, youngsters would be motivated and hassle-free as well. According to the Australian government, the coalition policy will be helpful to enhance workforce participation as well as productivity. It is because of this policy is offering incentives to those people who are finding and keeping a job for a long time period. In this way, the coalition policy developed by the government not only decreases the unemployment rate; but boosts the self -esteem of youngsters as well. The coalition policy will also be useful to initiate new measures to help jobseekers with jobs, to enlarge workforce participation and to improve productivity in an effectual and a more comprehensive manner. In the same manner, the Australian government developed numerous effective policies to raise the participation of labor force into vacant jobs. For case, the introduction of the welfare to work package is a major example of such types of policies. These policies play a major role to decrease dependence on the welfare and enlarge incentives to enter the workforce into jobs (Sakamoto, 2008). Along with this, the Australian government and RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia) reduced the interest rates to improve the employment level and wages of employees within nation. It is well-known that high unemployment rate reduces the wages of employees. Therefore, the RBA decided to reduce interest rates to raise employment and wages within nation (Knox, 2015). In this way, it can be said that, the Australian government is trying its best to reduce unemployment rate and create jobs in order to improve the economy of the nation. Conclusion On the premise of the above analysis, it can be concluded that, Australia is facing the problem of unemployment continuous after the year 2008. The unemployment rate of the nation has increased in the last five years. There can be seen a decrease in the unemployment rate in the year 2016. Along with this, it can also be said that, the Australian government is serious towards the problem of unemployment within nation. As a consequence, it is developing effective plans, policies and strategies to reduce the unemployment rate and increase the employment rate in an effectual and an appropriate manner. References ABC. (2016). News. Available At: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-10/unemployment-rate-drops-jobs-created/7017258 [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] ABS. (2017). Labour Force, Australia. Available At: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6202.0 [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] Australian Government. (2016). Unemployment benefits and the minimum wage. Available At: https://www.ncoa.gov.au/report/appendix-vol-1/9-11-unemployment-benefits-minimum-wage.html [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] Bagusat, C., Keenan, W.J.F. and Sedmak, C. (2010). Decent Work and Unemployment. LIT Verlag Mnster. Castaeda, A.S., Serrani, L. and Sperotti, F. (2012). Youth Unemployment and Joblessness: Causes, Consequences, Responses. Australia: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Engbersen, G., Schuyt, K., Timmer, J. and Waarden, F. (2006). Cultures of Unemployment: A Comparative Look at Long-Term Unemployment and Urban Poverty. Australia: Amsterdam University Press. Helpman, E., Itskhoki, O. and Redding, S. (2010). Inequality and unemployment in a global economy. Econometrica, 78(4), pp. 1239-1283. IECONOMICS. (2017). Australia - GDP Annual Growth Rate. Available At: https://ieconomics.com/australia-gdp-annual-growth-rate [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] IndexMundi. (2016). Australia Unemployment rate. Available At: https://www.indexmundi.com/australia/unemployment_rate.html [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] Janda, M. (2017). Unemployment rate falls, but full-time jobs slump in January: ABS. Available At: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-16/unemployment-jobs-abs-data-january/8276040 [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] Knox, M. (2015). Australian unemployment and RBA policy. Available At: https://www.morgans.com.au/Blog/2015/April/Australian-unemployment-and-RBA-policy.aspx [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] McEachern, W.A. (2012). Contemporary Economics 3rd ed. USA: Cengage Learning. Sakamoto, T. (2008). Economic Policy and Performance in Industrial Democracies: Party Governments, Central Banks and the Fiscal-Monetary Policy Mix. NY: Routledge. Seal, J.M., and Penrith, D. (2008). Live Work in Australia. Australia: Crimson Publishing. Sexton, R.L. (2015). Exploring Economics 7th ed. USA: Cengage Learning Sloman, J., Norris, K. and Garrett, D. (2013). Principles of Economics. Australia: Pearson Higher Education AU. TRADING ECONOMICS. (2017). Australia GDP Annual Growth Rate 1960-2016. Available At: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] TRADING ECONOMICS. (2017). Australia Unemployment Rate. Available At: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017] World Bank Group. (2017). GDP growth (annual %). Available At: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG [Accessed On: 23rd April 2017]

Sssss Essay Example For Students

Sssss Essay An Earthquake is the shaking of the earths surface caused by rapid movement of the earths rocky outer layer. The sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below the Earths surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface of the Earth, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground. Earthquakes, called temblors by scientists, occur almost continuously. Fortunately, most of them can be detected only by sensitive instruments called seismographs. Others are felt as small tremors. Some of the rest, however, cause major catastrophes. They produce such tragic and dramatic effects as destroyed cities, broken dams, earth slides, giant sea waves called tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. A very great earthquake usually occurs at least once a year in some part of the world. On the average about 10,000 people die each year as a result of earthquakes. According to a study carried out by the United Nations and covering the years 1926 to 1950, there were 350,000 deaths, and property damage losses exceeded 10 billion dollars. As cities expand to shelter a rapidly increasing world population, it is likely that there will be even greater losses of life and property in spite of improved methods of detection and better warning systems. Mankind has long been concerned about earthquake hazards. The oldest chronicle comes from the Chinese as early as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. Although it is certain that violent Earth tremors in themselves are destructive, there are often other kinds of Earth movements that are triggered by earthquake shock waves. Thus, the violent shaking that accompanies many earthquakes often causes rockslides, snow avalanches, and landslides. In some areas these events are frequently more devastating than the Earth tremor itself. Floods and fires are also caused by earthquakes. Floods arise from tsunamis along coast lines, from large-scale seiches in enclosed bodies of water such as lakes and canals, and from the failure of dams. Fire produced the greatest property loss following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, when 521 blocks in the city center burned uncontrollably for three days. Fire also followed the 1923 Tokyo earthquake, causing much damage and hardship for the citizens. Most of the worst earthquakes are associated with changes in the shape of the Earths outermost shell, particularly the crust. These so called tectonic earthquakes are generated by the rapid release of strain energy that is stored within the rocks of the crust, which on continents is about 22 miles thick. A small proportion of earthquakes are associated with human activity. Dynamite or atomic explosions, for example, can sometimes cause mild quakes. The injection of liquid wastes deep into the Earth and the pressures resulting from holding vast amounts of water in reservoirs behind large dams can also trigger minor earthquakes. Th e strongest and most destructive quakes, however, are associated with ruptures of the Earths crust, which are known as faults. Although faults are present in most regions of the world, earthquakes are not associated with all of them. Pressures from within the Earth strain the great rock masses beneath the Earths surface. The strain builds until suddenly the masses move along faults, thereby releasing energy. The masses slip and slide in opposite directions along this fracture in the rock, shaking the ground above. The masses may move up and down, sideways, or vertically and horizontally. On the Earths surface displacement of the ground may vary from several centimeters to many meters. Some fault lines appear on the surface of the Earth. The shifting rock in an earthquake causes shock waves called seismic waves to spread through the rock in all directions. In a great earthquake shocks may be felt by people thousands of kilometers away from the center . Detection and recording devices calleBibliography:The shifting rock in an earthquake causes shock waves called seismic waves to spread through the rock in all directions. 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The Mount Everest disaster of 1996 as it happened

The Mount Everest disaster of 1996 as it happened Thesis of the Book The thesis of this book is a personal account of Mount Everest disaster in which the author had taken part, but it had turned out to be tragic in which he had lost some of his climbing partners as the disaster unfolded. Although the book has many themes that unfold as the story continues, the theme of mutual trust and care remains dominant across this entire tragic book.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Mount Everest disaster of 1996 as it happened specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thesis of the Essay The essay aims at summarizing the book in which the writer makes a personal opinion of the accounts as they are narrated in the book and criticizes the book to bring out the faults that can be identified in the authors story of how the Mount Everest disaster occurred. Summary of the book Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster is a book which was published in the year 1997. T he book sets off to narrate one of the deadliest disasters that had taken place in Mount Everest from an individual point of view in which the reader is given a description of what actually happened from a survivor of the ordeal. Krakauer who is the author of this book tells vividly of the accounts that occurred at the world’s highest mountain with such emotional clarity. This depicts why the book became a best selling nonfiction book on its release. The author of this book narrates how he participated in Mount Everest expedition, despite having surrendered his career in mountain climbing way years back. The event took place in the month of May in the year 2006. The author, a professional journalist wrote and featured articles for the outside magazine. He had previous participated in many other mountain climbing expeditions from which he had gathered materials for his articles in the magazine. He later on gave up his career prior to this particular event that involved climbin g Mount Everest (Krakauer 20). Krakauer justified his change of heart to participate in Mount Everest expedition as being purely professional. In the initial plan as it had been reported in the magazine, Krakauer was to climb up to the Mount Everest base in which he was to make a report on the commercialization of the mountain. However, in his childhood and wildest dreams, it evident that Krakauer had always aspired of climbing Mount Everest and this was the best opportunity which was right on the table. He requested his editor to hold off the story until later in the year so that he could get ample time to train hard for the monstrous task of climbing to the summit of the highest mountain in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is from this point that the book exhaustively and chronologically narrates the events that happened on the mountain as they ascen ded to the top of the world’s highest mountain. The author tells of the tragedies that unfolded in pursuit of getting to the world’s ceiling by the determined mountaineers. Personal opinion derived from the book It is evident that the tragedy that took place in Mount Everest was an example of an artificial disaster that was manageable if only the set guidelines that have been stipulated to guide such expeditions had been followed to the latter. The author has in a nutshell pointed out that some of the safety guidelines that had been formulated by the most experienced mountaineers in the world had been violated. It is evident that the violation was done because of the competition that was prevailing between the existing companies that provided the mountaineers with guides who led the mountaineers throughout the ascent on the mountain. This competition has resulted in some of the companies compromising the well-being of the mountaineers, some of whom do not have enough t raining and experience to take part in events such as ascending to the summit of Mount Everest (Krakauer 122). Issues that have arisen from this book It is evident that this book was a success in its release as it sold over a million copies. However, despite the success a lot of criticism has been made by renowned mountaineers and people who had also participated in the expedition in which they had escaped the ordeal. The critics have disputed the material facts that Krakauer has relayed in the book with regard to one of the guides of Russian origin who had been mandated with guiding the team throughout the ascent of Mount Everest. It is evident that in the book, the guide had descended the mountain ahead of his clients in which his motive was to find help and lead a rescue mission in which he would have saved more adventurers when the adventure turned sour. Krakauer in his book seems to question the rationale that this guide had applied in which he had decided to leave his clients alone on the mountain, despite fully knowing that they lacked the experience to handle the situations that were prevailing at that time. He questions the guide’s judgment in not having used supplement oxygen that was an essential component in the paraphernalia that were required by the adventurers. He rebukes the interaction techniques that were applied by the guide in his interaction with the clients. He finally questions the mountaineering gears that were used by the adventurers in their quest to ascend the mountain to its summit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Mount Everest disaster of 1996 as it happened specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand a number of professional renowned mountaineers like Galen Rowell have criticized Krakauer’s account in his narration by faulting it as irrational and clouded by individual judgment that is prejudicial in retelling exactly what happened in the fateful adventure. He points out the inconsistencies that are in Krakauer’s account in which he observes that Krakauer was sleeping in his tent and he had no idea what the guide was doing. It is evident that as Krakauer was sleeping, the guide was busy rescuing some of the climbers who were in dire need of medical attention. Galen reckons that the actions of the guide were heroic and he had used his wisdom to forebode the shortcoming that arose from the expedition. Work Cited Krakauer , Jones. Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mt. Everest Disaster. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009. Print.

Teachers Roles in Autonomous Learning Shanghais Yan School of foreign Essay

Teachers Roles in Autonomous Learning Shanghais Yan School of foreign languages, Lanzhou University of technology, Lanzhou, China - Essay Example Learner autonomy is not based on the above misconceptions. Therefore, the actual definition can be captured through the ability of the learner to be responsible as well as independent. The learner is an active participant and is very conscious of what they learn, the way they does learn as well as the time they learn. This form of learning has been degfined by various scholars, including Holec who pointed out that the ability to have control over the learning process by the learner entails autonomy. Yan (2012) continues to argue about the benefits of learner autonomy. He points out that the learner has the capacity to develop enthusiasm and initiative in what they are learning. In addition, the learner becomes very independent while developing creativity and innovativeness. Since learner autonomy is beneficial, the teacher must play a role its promotion, argues the author. He proposes that being the knowledge giver that dominates the class throughout the class time, the teacher is the most well placed individual to inculcate learner autonomy. He concludes that the teacher is the facilitator, organizer and the manager to the learner. In addition, he is the counsellor to the

Diversity Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity Activity - Assignment Example The activity initiates learning and appreciation of diversity differences and consequent effects as conflicting behaviors. Students can develop tolerance towards opposite gender since the activity promotes sharing of ideas on cultural diversity among students. The activity enhances the involvement of both able and challenged students, encourages, and promotes involving disabled students. The creation of an inclusive learning environment, through the activity, is of notable importance to middle school learners. The chain of diversity is one of the activities that instructors in middle school can use to create awareness on different cultures among students. The activity creates togetherness among students by informing them on their similarities. 5. Every student reads to the class what he or she considers as a similarity in cultures among the class members. After completing the second stage of the activity, students share their views with colleagues by reading out their points on the differences in cultures. 7. To keep the students aware of the diverse similarities and differences in cultures highlighted, students pin the paper strips around their class walls. The paper strips are arranged as a link in a chain as a demonstration of cultural link. In assessing the impact of the activity on students’ sensitivity to diversity, the instructor may ask related questions to different cultures highlighted by students during the activity. The level of participation of students during the activity acts as a credible scale of determining the students’ level of sensitivity towards diversity in culture. When students have high enthusiasm and willingness in highlighting the points, they have a high level of awareness on the topic. The extent to which students answer questions after the activity is credible means of determining their level of sensitivity towards the diversity

Effect of Social Media on the Umbrella Movement

Effect of Social Media on the Umbrella Movement Wong Wing Man Would the Umbrella Movement have occurred if social media platforms did not exist? Introduction In response to the NPCSC decision regarding the Chief Executive electoral reform of HKSAR on 31 August 2014, two student-led groups the Scholarism and Hong Kong Federation of Students began boycotting class and protesting outside the government headquarters in Admiralty since late September. Benny Tai announced to join the students with the Occupy Central Movement, which had been suggested since 2012. This mass civil disobedience movement was named the Umbrella movement after the use of umbrellas by protestors to defend police’s attempts of protest sites clearance using tear gas. Before the last clearance was completed by the police on 15 December, protest activities had been spread across districts to Causeway Bay and Mongkok. Its scale was claimed to be the largest ever in the history of Hong Kong. With observation of substantial use of social media platforms such as social networking sites Facebook and Twitter, Cyber-utopians believe that social media platforms, which perform functions such as text messaging, photo sharing and social networking, are revolutionary tools that give rise to the Umbrella Movement. On the other hand, cyber-realists believe that social media platforms are only tools that facilitate mobilization of protestors, while social changes entail long term social and political reforms (Morozov, 2011). This essay aims to argue from the perspective of cyber-realists that the Umbrella Movement was a result of long term effort from political leaders. Social media was only a catalyst but not a fundamental cause of the movement. The essay will justify that social media coverage was not a prerequisite for the movement by addressing the real cause of the movement, and defining the function of social media as simply a complementary but not revolutionary tool. Causality between the Umbrella Movement and social media usage Pre-existing social conditions for emergence of the Umbrella Movement The notion that democratic movements have occurred all around the globe before social media existed in the recent decade can be explained by the Modernization Theory and concept of relative deprivation. The former suggests that people would strive to overthrow and replace inadequate political institutions, while the latter explains the growth of social grievance when the gap between public expectations and actual attainment widens (Lopes, 2014). In the context of the Umbrella Movement, it is the long term demand from local communities for a genuine universal suffrage of the Chief Executive, as well as the shared grievance regarding the recent NPCSC decision on the formation of the nomination committee that triggered the occupying movements (Chan, 2014). Despite high correlation between frequency of social media usage and protest activities, Morozov (2011) believes that Arab Spring was fundamentally attributed to cyber-activism in the Middle East which had been evolving before mass demonstrations occurred in Tunisia and Egypt. He emphasizes that formation of online protest groups are not random events organized by random people. In fact, discussions on occupying central and civil disobedience movement had been continuing since 2012 among scholars and politicians led by Benny Tai. Student groups such as Scholarism were also experienced leaders which had been actively participated in demonstrations to strive against the government on issues such as civic education. Although social media played an important role in mobilizing young population to protest, the Umbrella Movement would remain leaderless without prior actions from political activists (Howard et al., 2011). Social media platforms were only tools for political leaders to organ ize protests. Politics-media-politics (PMP) principle The PMP principle suggests a three-phase process in which surge of social media usage during the Umbrella Movement was likely to be the result of increase in protest activities instead of a preceding factor (Wolfsfeld et al., 2013), while this change in media environment would eventually bring new dynamics to the political situation. Chronologically, protests in Admiralty broke out in the first phase was followed by increasing social media usage in the second phase, as the public turned to various channels for timely information at protest sites. For instance, onsite news was updated day and night on Facebook pages such as SocREC and VJMedia after police’s first tear gas shot on 28 September. Downloads of Firechat, an application that allows instant messaging without Internet, increased by 460,000 times one week after the first protest activity occurred outside the government headquarter, with fear of Internet blockade in nearby areas (Peterson, 2014). Moving towards the third phase, social media platforms gradually developed into a vital tool for disseminating information and organizing protest activities. It enhanced the scale and strengthened the impact of the Umbrella Movement. For example, 1.3 million messages posted in Twitter from 26 to 30 September made the Umbrella Movement the most heated issue among Tweets around the world (Lee, 2014), allowing protestors to bargain with the authority with support from international community. In the final stage, failure in sustaining the Umbrella Movement was fundamentally attributed to mass civil disobedience and occupying movements that provoke criticisms from the public due to long-period road blockage and incompliance with the injunction order (Chan, 2014). These follow the PMP principle that social media was neither an initiator nor terminator of the movement. In other words, the Umbrella Movement would have occurred even without social media platforms, though might be at a smaller scale with limited influence. Role of social media as a complementary tool The Mobilization Theory suggests that social media was essential for the Umbrella Movement in actualizing shared grievance into collective actions. Despite its prominent role, it is worth noting that social media was only a catalyst for the Umbrella Movement to grow and expand its influence. Without this complementary tool, the movement would still emerge with the pre-existing social conditions as described in the last section, though its scale and impact in striving for a genuine universal suffrage would be greatly reduced. 3.1 To organize fragmented forces and form coalition Social media allowed pro-protestor groups to go beyond limitations of traditional media and unite fragmented forces (Howard et al., 2011). Networking functions in social media platforms such as ‘like’ and sharing functions in Facebook and ‘hashtag’ function in Twitter or Instagram allowed people who share common goals and values to build solidarity. It was particularly important to the Umbrella Movement because targeted participants of ‘class boycott’ were the younger population who are the most frequent social media users. A larger-scale movement was thus created by involving segmented pro-protest forces to join the mass protest activities led by the two student groups. 3.2 To provide new opportunities for creating social capital Social media provided new opportunities for pro-protestor groups to mobilize citizens by creating social capital, and for commoners to produce political content as if they were social elites (Howard et al., 2011). Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter became important channels for citizen journalists to broadcast stories that were not covered in mainstream media, for instance, injuries at protest sites caused by tear gas or police’s violence. Violent response towards peaceful protestors generated sympathy from initially unengaged citizens (Dobson, 2001), mobilizing more angry people to go on streets and spread protest activities beyond the initial stronghold in Admiralty to new areas in Causeway Bay and Mongkok. 3.3 To arouse international awareness Social media platforms such as Twitter allowed information about the Umbrella Movement to be disseminated rapidly across border through Internet. Major newspapers around the globe reported the protests in Hong Kong, whilst student leader Joshua Wong was selected as one of the most influential teens of 2014 by a world renowned magazine TIME (Campbell, 2015). Recognition from international community empowered protestors and exerted greater pressure on the government to defer clearance plans and agree on a meeting with student leaders on 21 October. Conclusion In spite of the high correlation between frequency of social media usage and protest activities during the Umbrella Movement, one should be cautious when deriving their causal relationship. Rejecting the notion regarding social media platforms being a prerequisite for the Umbrella Movement, cyber-realists point out their reverse causality using the politics-media-politics principle. The principle emphasizes on the chronological order that it is protest activities in Admiralty that first emerged, causing increase in access to social media platforms for more timely and unreported information about the movement, and eventually creating new political dynamics with the changing media environment. Focusing on the first phase of the principle, protest activities emerged because of the pre-existing social demand for a genuine universal suffrage in local communities and common grievance regarding the NPCSC decision, as well as the prior discussion in organizing mass demonstrations and civil disobedience movements among political activists such as Scholarism and Benny Tai. Acting as a tool for mobilizing people and drawing international awareness, social media was only a catalyst to foster growth and expand influence of the movement. In other words, the Umbrella Movement would have occurred even social media platforms did not exist. (Word Count: 1470) Reference Campbell, Charlie. (2015). Hong Kong Student Leader Joshua Wong Questioned Over Pro-Democracy Protests. Retrieved from TIME website http://time.com/3671211/hong- kong-occupy-central-umbrella-revolution-joshua-wong-students-charged/ Chan, Johannes. (2014). Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement. The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. 103:6, 571-580, DOI: 10.1080/00358533.2014.985465 Dobson, Charles. (2001). Social Movements: A Summary of What Works. The Citizens Handbook: A Guide to Building Community in Vancouver. Retrieved from http://www.vcn.bc.ca/citizens-handbook Howard, P.N., Duffy, A., Freelon, D., Hussain, M., Mari, W. Mazaid, M. (2011). Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring?. Project on Information Technology Political Islam. Retrieved from http://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/ Lee, Danny. (2014). The role of social media in Occupy protests, on the ground and around the world. Retrieved from SCMP website http://www.scmp.com/news/hong- kong/article/1628305/role-social-media-occupy-protests-ground-and-around-world Lopes, A. R. (2014). The Impact of Social Media on Social Movements: The New Opportunity and Mobilizing Structure. Journal of Political Science Research. Creighton University. Retrieved from https://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/CCAS/ departments/PoliticalScience/Journal_of_Political_Research__JPR_/2014_JSP_papers/Lopes_JPR.pdf Morozov. Evgeny. (2011). Facebook and Twitter are just places revolutionaries go. Retrieved from The Guardian website http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011 /mar/07/facebook-twitter-revolutionaries-cyber-utopians Peterson, Andrea. (2014). Protesters in Hong Kong must weigh the promise and risks of mesh networking. Retrieved from The Washington Post website http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/10/06/protesters-in-hong-kong-must-weigh-the-promise-and-risks-of-mesh-networking/ Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E. Sheafer, T. (2013). Social Media and the Arab Spring: Politics Comes First. The International Journal of Press/Politics. 18(2) 115–137. Doi: 10.1177/1940161212471716

Recruitment in the workplace Essay

In this report, I am going to describe and explain the recruitment and selection process and the different stages that the business has to go through when filling a vacantly Recruitment is when an organisation identifies a vacancy and from the range of applicants that require a job, the organisation employ the best candidate from the application forms received to fill the vacancy in order for the business to run efficiently. Selection is when all the applicants are shortlisted and from them, the employer chosen the best candidate for the job role. The human resources (HR) department are required to work for the organisation by recruiting, training staff also motivating them to work hard in the business. If the employees are trained and recruited correctly, it would show that the business is successfully operating. There are also many other tasks the HR department do such as giving employees promotions and a wage/salary boost, annual appraisals and other employee benefits. Recruitment can be internal or external depending on the job role and the vacancy being filled. Internal recruitment is when an employee already within the business fills a vacancy rather than employing someone outside the business. The vacancy for internal recruitment can be advertised by putting up notice boards, on the intranet and it can also be discussed during staff meetings on who would be the best person to fill the vacancy. The advantages of recruiting internally in the business are that when performing an induction for them, it will not be as difficult because the employee would be familiar with the business workplace and surroundings also it is quicker and less expensive than recruiting someone externally because the amount of candidates is already been narrowed down to certain employees inside the business. The disadvantages if recruiting internally is that the person filling the vacancy from inside the business may not have all the required skills and qualifications to perform the job effectively and by recruiting someone externally offers a versatile range of skills, qualities, experience and qualifications. External recruitment is when someone from outside the business is employed to fill a vacancy. This is a more common approach when recruiting as there is a larger range of candidates that have different skills and abilities. There are many ways to recruit externally. Most businesses will advertise using media such as the internet, newspapers, company newsletters and magazines. Another way to recruit is to go to the job centre and tell them that the company has a vacancy and eventually there will be a range of different candidates with different levels of experience, qualifications and skills. The advantages of using external recruitment are that a wider audience can be reached which increases the chance that the business will be able to recruit the skills it needs also the disadvantages mentioned for internal recruitment are advantages of external recruitment. The disadvantages of external recruitment are firstly even if the new employee has all the experience and skills required for the job, he may not be able to adapt to the businesses system and therefore will take longer to familiarize with the workplace and the employees however with internal recruitment, you would not have this problem. During the recruitment process, candidates must go through seven different stages before a suitable candidate can be chosen and made an employee in the business. This applies to both internal and external recruitment. The seven stages are: 1) Identify a vacancy – This is when the business makes it known that a job is available and currently vacant so this could be because an employee has either left the business and this could be for a number of different reasons for example One reason could be that they have had a disagreement and there has been conflict between them and the owner or manager or another reason could be because they have had a better offer from a different business and they are receiving a better wage or salary. Recruitment does not have to be permanent as female employees could be on a maternity leave or an employee could be sick for a long time so they will need someone to cover for them while they return to their job and in these cases, most businesses would internally recruit someone and the advantages of this are it’s quicker and causes less hassle. Human resources will need to formally agree with the department that is requiring an employee to fill the vacancy so a replacement can be searched for immediately. Since recruiting employees cost a large amount of money, the business will only hire employees if it is absolutely vital for their business to run efficiently as the money could be spent on other parts of the business such as paying off any bills or ordering stock. 2) Draw up a job description – This is when the job is described in detail so firstly, the name of the job or job title. This is important because it gives a brief ideas of what the job involves e. g.if the job that is a marketing director, the candidates applying for the job will know what they are applying for just from the name. Marketing means to advertise the products and make sure the customers are aware of what products the business offers and persuade them to buy it. Some job titles may change over time such as in schools, the head teacher may chance to principal or head master to give a different feel to the job and possibly increase the prestige and responsibility of the job. Job description also includes employment conditions such as how much the employee will get paid and how many hours a work so for example a cashier could get i 5. 50 per hour so if they work 8 hours a week for 6 days then they will receive ai 264 a week. The employee will also need to know how much pay they will receive and that depends on whether the business pays an annual salary or wages every week. If the employee is temporarily working then they may receive the same pay as the employee they are covering for e. g. john is a cashier who earns i 7 an hour and he is off sick long term so an internal employee is recruited and will receive the same pay until john is healthy and fit enough to work again. The business will be looking to recruit someone that not only matches the job description but also has additional qualities which will make them be more conspicuous. Finally, the job description will include duties and responsibilities that are involved in the job and have to be performed on a daily basis so the applicants will understand how important the job is and how hard they will have to work. Job security is another element in the job description which will tell the employee how long they are being employed for because not all jobs are permanent as mentioned before, employers can just temporarily fill a vacancy and once that person returns to their job, the temporary employee will have to leave the job. The job description will also have a large variety of candidates all after the same job with different skills and traits. This is an example of a job description. It shows what the job is (which is a technical support engineer), the required skills but also useful and desirable extra skills which could be the difference to whether they are recruited or not and the qualifications and experience are required also. The desired skills mention what experience they have so has the candidate worked before and if so how long for, education is their school, college and university placements and what they have achieved in the time they have spent there also the work status is what type of job they like as there is part- time which is only a couple of hours so no more than 30 hours in a week. full-time work is over 30 hours a week and this shows that they may in the job for a long time and the befits of working full time are that the organization will provide you with annual leave, sick leave and health insurance also the hours they work are more flexible however, the most popular and more rewarding benefit is the fact that full time workers will get paid more money that part time workers because they are dedicating more time to the business. 3) Draw up a person specification – This is when the employer entails the physical, mental and any other requirement requirements that a candidate needs in order to perform the tasks effectively and successfully such as training and experience e. g. if the business was to be a chauffeur, the person applying for the job would probably need a long driving career which would show that they have a lot of experience and also be able to drive under pressure and quickly. P000rofessional qualifications such as GCSE’s and A-level qualifications such as GCE’s will also be required to show they have a thorough understanding of the job and may make it easier for them to perform the job e. g. an accountant will need a range of different qualifications so the requirements may be that they will need a Degree, preferably in maths, accountancy, business studies, economics or finance. However, it is possible to become an accountant with lower school qualifications. Without A Levels it is possible to acquire the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) qualification, which is fully recognised in the trade. Office juniors can work up to accountant level, but you have to have GCSEs and preferably A Level to begin with. Qualifications show that the candidate has been studying in recent years and are prepared for them job they are going to apply for. Experience is also required in the person specification as it could be the different to whether a candidate is employed or not. Having a high level of experience in a certain field of work will show that the candidate is well trained and has the acquired skills for the job and also shows that they will require less training e. g. if the job being applied for was a cashier, someone who has already worked in other businesses undertaking the same job role will know what they are doing so they don’t need a very detailed induction and require less training also they may be able to generate a higher income perform their tasks more efficiently. A candidate new to the field of work may find it more difficult to get the job will sufficient experience as they may have never done this job before however they me able to bring new ideas or if they have performed similar jobs then they can use that knowledge to perform the job as a cashier. Candidates must also have competence which is the ability of a person to perform tasks and take on certain responsible. The more competent a person is, the better they can perform their duties e. g.a business would rather have a more competent employee that can do their job to a high standard by producing quality output results such as high sales or revenue because it would prove more successful in the long run also having a incompetent employee would require the business to waste their time and money training them especially if they are young candidates who have possibly just finished their education or have finished a degree. The advantages of having a competent employee are that they are reliable for getting their task done efficiently and are resilient to their job. The disadvantage could be that since they may be extremely good at one job but if told to perform a different task they may struggle as it may not play to their strengths e. g. if the job was a reporter, and the employee was very competent in their job but then their manager asks them to illustrate their findings in a more abstract such as creating a presentation, this does not work well for them as they may be so accustomed to writing reports that they don’t have a clue how to create a presentation and this is a disadvantage for competent employees as they don’t offer that versatility. Essential skills will have to be met in order to get the job such as in a call centre, the person will definitely need fluent communication and also be responsive to customer calls. Essential skills are what an employee should have in order to complete the job and if they don’t have the essential criteria then they may be rejected. They can also have personal or desirable skills such as being able to work a computer effectively so they can type up emails quickly rather than constantly calling or being able to co-operate in a team and possibly even lead a team to successfully complete a task or assignment. They are not absolutely necessary but will help them and make them look like a stronger candidate so they may be a possibility that they are shortlisted and interviewed. The criteria from the person specification are important when shortlisting the candidates as only the best will be put through to the interview stage and then finally accepted. This is an example of a person specification for film co-ordination and development. It shows what skills are compulsory or essential and what skills are optional or desirable and can help candidates when it comes to shortlisting as they are more likely to be chosen than a different person who has fewer additional skills. Candidates must be versatile and not just resilient for the job. The job shows that in the qualifications category they need a couple of A-level or equivalent qualifications but there are also desirable skills they could have such as GCSE’s in the field of work possibly drama. It shows that the candidate must have a minimum of 2 years’ experience and be able to manage finances and use ICT well however they can also have desirable skills such as being able to manage and supervise staff. Personal aptitude and skills are general skills that a candidate should have or either picked up from past jobs and experience such as communication and teamwork skills. Disposition is something that would be useful to have and would possibly make their job more enjoyable. Any other requirements can be helpful as it would also make them a stronger candidate. 4) Advertise the Vacancy – This is when the vacancy is publicised and the business try to get unemployed people to apply for the job. One way to advertise the job is to put it on a local newspaper as they are read by many business men and women so the business can receive a few applicants that are in need of a job and have scanned through a newspaper and found one. The advantages of this are that it will be read by a variety of people and hopefully attract more candidates. The job advertisement is written by the personnel department similarly when marketing a product. The presentation of the advertisement is important as the candidates will receive their first impressions from it and will judge whether it is good or not and also whether they would like to work for the business. On the advertisement it should include the description of the job and mention the main requirements, where the job is going to be located so the candidates know where they will work, how much salary they are expected to receive however it may not be the exact amount on the advertisement as it may vary, address and contact numbers if necessary and the company logo. The more detail that is put into the advertisement the better and more informative it will be however making the advertisement too long can make it look unprofessional. This is an example of a job advert for royal mail and as a job advert should, it includes all the important details such as the job title, company name, contact details and their salary. However it may not look very appealing. This advert is just to make sure that the general public is aware of the job and if anyone is interested and they meet the requirements then they may apply and possibly get shortlisted for an interview. 5) Shortlist the applicants – when short listing, the applications that were most appealing and may be considered for the job are listed by the human resources department. It is drawn up by using criteria from the person specification such as qualifications and experience that the candidate has to see if it is enough for them to be able to handle the new job they are applying for also any other skills and attributes they have acquired through other job would be helpful for the candidates. The selection process will begin and the employer will be looking to fill the vacancy with the best candidate amongst the applications. They will then all be individually contacted so an interview can be arranged. The candidates can be informed in many different ways such as ‘letters of initiation’ in which a brief document is sent to notify the candidates about whether they will be called up for an interview. The suitable candidates will be those who meet the exact criteria of the job description so for example if the job was to be a IT technician and the job description required them to have 5 years experience working in a ICT related firm and also the business may ask for certain qualifications such as a degree in computing and A-Level’s in Maths and IT to a grade B standard. Those who meet these requirements will be shortlisted as suitable candidates because they meet the exact requirements or are slightly above these requirements however they are not guaranteed to get the job but have a good chance. There is then possible candidates which may meet some of the requirements such as they may have the qualifications but not enough experience which could then mean if they are employed, they will have to go thorough a comprehensive induction programme and be well trained by a more experienced technician and this could cost the business a lot of money but on the other hand they may have some characteristics that other candidates don’t have such as they may be more able to speak multiple languages which could be helpful because the business may communicate with other countries on a regular basis with suppliers an customers. Finally those candidates who do not meet the requirements will be rejected and can no longer continue in the recruitment process. This can be down to a number of reasons with the most obvious being that they do not meet the requirements or they have provided false details. The job description and person specification must be used as the basis for short-listing. 6) Interview the applicants – The interviewer must also be prepared when interviewing the candidates that have been shortlisted. They will need to come up with a set of questions to ask the candidates and this can either be done themselves or they can get a panel of from the human resources department to do interview. The questions that are set must be asked to all candidates in the same manner as it states in the equal opportunities requirements policy. Since this will be the first time that the employer and candidate meet face-to-face, they will need to make a good impression by greeting them with a warm welcome and shaking hands is a good way to start a mutual relationship with the employer since the interview may be appointed the vacancy. The interviewer or panel will have a list of criteria to see how the candidate compares to the requirements for the job. It is essential that the interviewers carry copies of the candidate’s application forms, curriculum vitae and to support this, a covering letter will be required. To get the best out the candidates being interviewed, they must be relaxed and be able to answer questions calmly and correctly so the interview knows everything they need to know about the candidate and their personality. Questions in the interview should be have a mixture of open and closed questions and will be predetermined and should be all-round such as asking about previous jobs or company such as: 1) What do you think of the last company you worked for? 2) Why did you join your previous company? 3) Did they live up to your expectations? 4) Why are you leaving now? 5) What did you earn in your last job? Also asking questions relating to the new job / company such as: 1) Why do you want this job? 2) What qualities do you think will be required for this job? 3) What can you contribute? 4) What interests you about our product (or service)? 5) What can we (the new company) A list of questions could be asked relating to the candidate such as: 1) How do you handle criticism? 2) How would you describe yourself? 3) How would others describe you? 4) Do you consider yourself successful? 5) What was your greatest success? Body language and posture is also important during an interview as candidates are not just judged on their communication skills. The interviewer and the candidate want it run as smoothly as possible and both should sit in the correct way such as having their feet firmly on the floor and using gestures with hands if necessary For it portrays that you’ve difficulties controlling your anxiety about the interview process if the candidate is not seated comfortably. Making good eye contact with the candidate being interviewed is very crucial. The feeling of not getting the interviewee’s attention can be frustrating and will give the wrong impression to the interviewer. When asked a question that the candidate finds difficult and requires time to think, it is not good to frown. Facing the question with a smile proves that you’re composed at stressful situations. When closing the interview, the candidate should possibly raise any questions they have for the job role or about the business they will be working for however, there shouldn’t be a long time spent asking questions as can get tedious. The interviewer should then politely thank the candidate for appearing and answering the questions they have been asked and hope they have a safe journey home. 7) Select and Appoint the Best Candidate – this is the final stage of the recruitment process were candidates have been interviewed everything is taken into account and the interview is then evaluated. The employer will select the candidate that has been exceptional throughout the process and has been rated highly in all areas. The candidate will be contacted via a telephone call to notify them that they have got the job and then it is up to the candidate on whether they would like to fill the vacancy and if they accept, they will have to make a formal offer and if it goes according to plan, the candidate and the employer will meet formally to finalise the process of recruitment and formally agree on the job however, the employer will want references before the candidate takes on the job. This is known as the appointment stage. Once they have been contacted and recruited into the business, They are expected to start their new job however, if the chosen candidate should refuse the job then the business will require the second best candidate to step forward and they will be contacted immediately to inform them of what has happened and why the decision has changed. For the unfortunate candidates that have not got the job and have been rejected, the will be provided with feedback on why they have not been employed and how well their interview went.